I was a TA for Astro 1101 at Cornell (instructed by Steve Squyres and Alex Hayes). These are the notes that I provided to my students each week.
Note: The students in this class are mostly first-years, many of whom are non-technical.
1. Basic math of astronomy, Kepler's Laws
2. Seasons, sidereal/solar days, Moon phases/geometry, tides, Kepler's 3rd Law
5. Half lives, dating curves, and mass spectroscopy
6. Equilibrium temperature of the Earth
8. Proton-proton chain, life cycle of a star
9. Venus atmosphere and geology
10. Martian surface processes, gas escape, RADAR imaging
12. Rings and the Roche Limit, RADAR depth sounding, the gas giants